Lecture 8 - Instructional Strategies Leading to Problem-solving and Affective Learning

Problem solving skill refers to the ability to use previous knowledge in a unique way to solve unfamiliar problems.

There are many types of problems, and problems are classified according to the following characteristics:
1) Degree of structure (Well-defined or ill-defined)
2) Level of complexity
3) Degree of abstractness (General or specific)

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Key instructional conditions for attitude learning
1) Demonstration of desired behavior by a role model
2) Allow practice of desired behavior
3) Provide reinforcement for the desired behavior

Motivation and attitude are part of affective learning, and I definitely think that affective learning is the most important aspect of any effective learning. The reason for the existence of a role model is to provide that motivation for the learner to emulate the desired characteristics of the role model. When the motivation is strong enough, learners will naturally and actively engage in the practising of these behavioral traits.

In addition, learners should be able to learn the satisfaction that arises from the emulation of these desired behavior. The pure admiration of the role model may not form a strong-enough motivation. Rewarding the exhibition of good behavior seems like a straightforward way to make learners practise it, but it is too behavioristic. If the learners themselves are able to cognitively process the benefits of the desired behavior, they will learn the satisfaction of carrying them out and ultimately acquire the desired attitude.